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Orissa famine of 1866
The Odisha famine of 1866 affected the east coast of India from Madras upwards, an area covering 180,000 miles and containing a population of 47,500,000; the impact of the famine, however, was greatest in Odisha, which at that time was quite isolated from the rest of India.
==Causes==
Like all Indian famines of the 19th-century, the Odisha famine was preceded by a drought: the population of the region depended on the rice crop of the winter season for their sustenance; however, the monsoon of 1865 was scanty and stopped prematurely.〔 In addition, the Bengal Board of Revenue made incorrect estimates of the number of people who would need help and was misled by fictitious price lists. Consequently, as the food reserves began to dwindle, the gravity of the situation was not grasped until the end of May 1866, and by then the monsoons had set in.〔
Indeed, there are complex factors that contributed to the Orissa famine of 1866. In terms of fictitious price lists, one may find that the idea may be in itself fictitious. J K Samal, in Economic History of Orissa 1866-1912, indicates that a British official chose to assume fictitious price lists, because the prices for rice were very high, thinking that the capitalists were just inflating prices to make more profits. Yet, there was an actual lack of crops due to the drought, and the British government chose to remain passive about it (p. 9). In essence, the causes of the famine are drought, the takeover of Orissa's main industry by the colonialists, lack of food storage, isolation of Orissa geographically, and mishandling of the crisis by the English administration. Another great source of information on this crisis is the book Salt: A World History, by Mark Kurlansky.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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